II. He aha ka biodegradable ice cream pepa kīʻaha
Biodegradablekīʻaha pepa hauloaʻa ka degradability. Hoemi ia i ke kaumaha o ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala waiwai ma o ka microbial decomposition a me ka hana hou ʻana. ʻO kēia kīʻaha pepa he koho hoʻomau a pili i ke kaiapuni. Hāʻawi ia i kahi hopena hoʻomau no ka ʻoihana meaʻai.
A. Ka wehewehe a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā kīʻaha pepa hauʻili biodegradable he pahu pepa i hana ʻia me nā mea biodegradable. Loaʻa ia i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa kūlohelohe i kahi kūlana kūpono. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kīʻaha plastik maʻamau, ʻo nā kīʻaha pepa biodegradable loaʻa nā ʻano penei:
1. Hoomalu kaiapuni. PLA degradablekīʻaha hauhana ʻia mai ka mākiko mea kanu. No laila, hiki ke decompose i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻemi i ka pollution i ke kaiapuni. He hopena maikaʻi kona i ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni o ka Honua.
2. Hiki ke hana hou. Hana ʻia ʻo PLA mai nā kumuwaiwai hou, e like me ka mea kanu starch. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā plastic petrochemical, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka PLA he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomau.
3. Mākaʻikaʻi. Loaʻa i nā kīʻaha pepa PLA ke ʻike maopopo. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻike maopopo i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka ice cream. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka leʻaleʻa ʻike maka o nā mea kūʻai. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia nā kīʻaha pepa. Hāʻawi kēia i nā mea kālepa i nā manawa kūʻai hou aku.
4. Kūleʻa wela. He hana maikaʻi nā kīʻaha pepa PLA. Hiki iā ia ke pale i ka meaʻai ma kekahi mahana. He kūpono loa kēia kīʻaha pepa no ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai anu a me nā mea wela e like me ka ice cream.
5. Māmā a paʻa. He māmā nā kīʻaha pepa PLA a maʻalahi ke lawe a hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kīʻaha pepa PLA ma o kahi kaʻina hana kīʻaha pepa kūikawā. ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻoi aku ka paʻa o kona ʻano a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka deformation a me ka haki.
6. Palapala hōʻoia honua. Hoʻokō nā kīʻaha pepa PLA i nā kūlana hōʻoia pili kaiapuni honua. No ka laʻana, ka European EN13432 biodegradation standard a me ka American ASTM D6400 biodegradation standard. Loaʻa iā ia ka hōʻoia kiʻekiʻe.
B. Kaʻina biodegradation o nā kīʻaha pepa degradable
Ke hoʻolei ʻia nā kīʻaha ice cream degradable PLA, eia nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o kā lākou hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa:
ʻO nā kumu koʻikoʻi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kīʻaha pepa PLA i nā kaiapuni kūlohelohe ʻo ka haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana. Ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana, e hoʻomaka ke kīʻaha pepa i ke kaʻina decomposition.
ʻO ke ʻano mua he hydrolysis. ʻO kakīʻaha pepahoʻomaka ka hana hydrolysis ma lalo o ka mana o ka haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokomo ka wai a me nā microorganisms i nā micropores a me nā māwae i loko o ke kīʻaha pepa a hui pū me nā molekala PLA, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena decomposition.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻelua he hydrolysis enzymatic. ʻO nā enzymes nā mea hoʻoheheʻe biochemical hiki ke hoʻolalelale i nā hopena decomposition. Hiki i nā enzyme i loko o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻopale i ka hydrolysis o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA. Hoʻohiolo ia i nā polymers PLA i nā molekala liʻiliʻi. E hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi kēia mau molekala liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kaiapuni a pohō hou.
ʻO ke kolu o ke ʻano he microbial decomposition. He biodegradable nā kīʻaha pepa PLA no ka mea he nui nā microorganisms hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka PLA. E hoʻohana kēia mau microorganisms i ka PLA ma ke ʻano he ikehu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia i carbon dioxide, ka wai, a me ka biomass ma o nā kaʻina palaho a me ka decomposition.
ʻO ka helu degradation o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA e pili ana i nā kumu he nui. E like me ka haʻahaʻa, ka mahana, nā kūlana lepo, a me ka nui a me ka mānoanoa o nā kīʻaha pepa.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, pono nā kīʻaha pepa PLA i kahi manawa lōʻihi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa piha ai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā kīʻaha pepa PLA e hana maʻamau i nā keʻena compost ʻoihana a i ʻole nā wahi kūlohelohe kūpono. I waena o lākou, nā kūlana kūpono i ka haʻahaʻa, ka mahana, a me ka hana microbial. I loko o nā ʻāina ʻāina a i ʻole nā wahi kūpono ʻole, ʻoi aku ka lohi o kona hōʻemi ʻana. No laila, i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā kīʻaha pepa PLA, pono e hōʻoia ʻia e waiho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻōpala kūpono. Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.