II. Yintoni i-biodegradable ice cream iphepha indebe
I-Biodegradableiikomityi zephepha le-ayisikrimubabe nokuthotywa. Inciphisa umthwalo kokusingqongileyo. Inokunciphisa inkunkuma yobutyebi ngokubola kwe-microbial kunye nokurisayikilisha. Le ndebe yephepha lukhetho oluzinzileyo nolunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ibonelela ngesisombululo esizinzileyo kushishino lokutya.
A. Inkcazo kunye neempawu
Iikomityi zephepha ze-ayisikrimu ezibolisiweyo zizikhongozeli zephepha ezenziwe ngezinto ezinokubola. Ifumana inkqubo yokuthotywa kwendalo kwindawo efanelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neekomityi zeplastiki zemveli, iikomityi zephepha ezibolisiweyo zinezi mpawu zilandelayo:
1. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. I-PLA iyanciphaiikomityi ze-ayisikrimuzenziwe ngestatshi sesityalo. Ngaloo ndlela, inokubola kwindawo yendalo. Oku kunokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo. Inefuthe elihle ekukhuseleni imo engqongileyo yoMhlaba.
2. Ukuhlaziywa. I-PLA yenziwe ngezixhobo ezivuselelekayo, ezifana nesitatshi sesityalo. Xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki zepetrochemical, inkqubo yokuvelisa ye-PLA inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza. Inozinzo olungcono.
3. Ukungafihli. Iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA zinokucaca kakuhle. Oku kunokubonisa ngokucacileyo umbala kunye nokubonakala kwe-ayisikrimu. Inokuphucula ukonwabela imbonakalo yabathengi. Ngaphandle koko, iikomityi zephepha zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwaye zenziwe ngokwezifiso. Oku kubonelela abarhwebi ngamathuba amaninzi okuthengisa.
4. Ukumelana nobushushu. Iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA zisebenza kakuhle. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokutya kubushushu obuthile. Le komityi yephepha ifaneleke kakhulu ukubamba ukutya okubandayo nokushushu okufana ne-ayisikrimu.
5. Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye yomelele. Iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA zikhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukuzithwala kunye nokusetyenziswa. Okwangoku, iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA zenziwe ngenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokwenza indebe yephepha. Oku kwenza ukuba ulwakhiwo lwayo lomelele ngakumbi kwaye lungabikho lula kwi-deformation kunye nokwaphuka.
6. Izatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe. Iikomityi zephepha zePLA zithobela imigangatho efanelekileyo yezatifiketi zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, umgangatho we-European EN13432 biodegradation standard kunye ne-American ASTM D6400 umgangatho wokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo. Inesiqinisekiso somgangatho ophezulu.
B. Inkqubo yeBiodegradation yeekomityi zephepha ezonakeleyo
Xa iikomityi ze-ice cream ezonakeleyo ze-PLA zilahlwa, oku kulandelayo ngamanqaku aneenkcukacha zenkqubo yazo yokuthotywa:
Izinto eziphambili ezenza ukuba iikomityi zephepha le-PLA zibole kwiindawo zendalo zinomswakama kunye nobushushu. Ngomswakama ophakathi kunye nobushushu, indebe yephepha iya kuqalisa inkqubo yokubola.
Uhlobo lokuqala luyi-hydrolysis. Iindebe yephephaiqala inkqubo ye-hydrolysis phantsi kweempembelelo zokufuma. Ubumanzi kunye ne-microorganisms zingena kwi-micropores kunye nokuqhekeka kwikomityi yephepha kunye nokusebenzisana nama-molecule e-PLA, okukhokelela ekuphenduleni kokubola.
Uhlobo lwesibini luyi-enzymatic hydrolysis. Ii-Enzymes zii-catalysts ze-biochemical ezinokukhawulezisa ukusabela kokubola. Ii-Enzymes ezikhoyo kwimekobume zinokwenza i-hydrolysis yeekomityi zephepha ze-PLA. Iqhekeza iipolima zePLA zibe ziimolekyuli ezincinci. Ezi molekyuli zincinci ziya kunyibilika ngokuthe ngcembe kwindawo engqongileyo kwaye zibole ngakumbi.
Uhlobo lwesithathu kukubola kwe-microbial. Iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA ziyakwazi ukubola ngenxa yokuba zininzi ii-microorganisms ezinokubola i-PLA. Ezi microorganisms ziya kusebenzisa i-PLA njengamandla kwaye zithobe zibe yi-carbon dioxide, amanzi, kunye ne-biomass ngokubola kunye neenkqubo zokubola.
Izinga lokuthotywa kweekomityi zephepha le-PLA lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Okufana nokufuma, ubushushu, iimeko zomhlaba, kunye nobukhulu kunye nobukhulu beekomityi zephepha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iikomityi zephepha ze-PLA zifuna ixesha elide ukuze zithobe ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yokuthotywa kweekomityi zephepha ze-PLA ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeke kwiindawo zokubumba umgquba kwimizi-mveliso okanye iindawo ezifanelekileyo zendalo. Phakathi kwazo, iimeko zibangela ukufuma, ubushushu, kunye nokusebenza kweentsholongwane. Kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezindlini okanye kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga, izinga lokuthotywa kwayo lisenokucotha. Ngaloo ndlela, xa uphatha iikomityi zephepha le-PLA, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba zifakwe kwinkqubo yonyango efanelekileyo yenkunkuma. Oku kunokubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthotywa.